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Compare Bolivia (2001) - Saint Helena (2008)

Compare Bolivia (2001) z Saint Helena (2008)

 Bolivia (2001)Saint Helena (2008)
 BoliviaSaint Helena
Administrative divisions 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure 0-14 years:
38.46% (male 1,626,698; female 1,565,748)

15-64 years:
57.07% (male 2,315,098; female 2,421,987)

65 years and over:
4.47% (male 166,986; female 203,946) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 18.7% (male 716/female 691)


15-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,755/female 2,608)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 358/female 415) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber coffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, lobster (on Tristan da Cunha); livestock
Airports 1,093 (2000 est.) 1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1,080

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
65

914 to 1,523 m:
212

under 914 m:
800 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,098,580 sq km

land:
1,084,390 sq km

water:
14,190 sq km
total: 413 sq km


land: Saint Helena Island 122 sq km; Ascension Island 90 sq km; Tristan da Cunha island group 201 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Montana slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anti-corruption campaign. Saint Helena is a British Overseas Territory consisting of Saint Helena and Ascension Islands, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha.


Saint Helena: Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. During the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, several thousand Boer prisoners were confined on the island between 1900 and 1903.


Ascension Island: This barren and uninhabited island was discovered and named by the Portuguese in 1503. The British garrisoned the island in 1815 to prevent a rescue of Napoleon from Saint Helena and it served as a provisioning station for the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron on anti-slavery patrol. The island remained under Admiralty control until 1922, when it became a dependency of Saint Helena. During World War II, the UK permitted the US to construct an airfield on Ascension in support of trans-Atlantic flights to Africa and anti-submarine operations in the South Atlantic. In the 1960s the island became an important space tracking station for the US. In 1982, Ascension was an essential staging area for British forces during the Falklands War, and it remains a critical refueling point in the air-bridge from the UK to the South Atlantic.


Tristan da Cunha: The island group consists of the islands of Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, and Gough. Tristan da Cunha is named after its Portuguese discoverer (1506); it was garrisoned by the British in 1816 to prevent any attempt to rescue Napoleon from Saint Helena. Gough and Inaccessible Islands have been designated World Heritage Sites. South Africa leases a site for a meteorological station on Gough Island.
Birth rate 27.27 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 11.93 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.7 billion

expenditures:
$2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998)
revenues: $13.09 million


expenditures: $32.16 million


note: revenue data reflect locally raised revenues only; the budget deficit is resolved by grant aid from the United Kingdom (FY06/07 est.)
Capital La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) name: Jamestown


geographic coordinates: 15 56 S, 5 44 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds


Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid


Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) Saint Helena: 60 km


Ascension Island: NA


Tristan da Cunha: 40 km
Constitution 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994 1 January 1989
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Bolivia

conventional short form:
Bolivia

local long form:
Republica de Bolivia

local short form:
Bolivia
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Saint Helena
Currency boliviano (BOB) -
Death rate 8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.63 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $6.6 billion (2000) $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador V. Manuel ROCHA

embassy:
Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz

mailing address:
P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032

telephone:
[591] (2) 432254

FAX:
[591] (2) 433854
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Marlene FERNANDEZ del Granado

chancery:
3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4410

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-3712

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights none
Economic aid - recipient $588 million (1997) $29.56 million obtained in a grant from the United Kingdom (FY06/07)
Economy - overview Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, has made considerable progress toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and joining the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. His successor, Hugo BANZER Suarez has tried to further improve the country's investment climate with an anticorruption campaign. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances in April, and again in September and October, held down overall growth to 2.5%. The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which will amount to about $27 million in FY06/07 or almost 70% of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption 3.377 billion kWh (1999) 7.44 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 4 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 10 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 3.625 billion kWh (1999) 8 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
56.61%

hydro:
41.6%

nuclear:
0%

other:
1.79% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Rio Paraguay 90 m

highest point:
Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,062 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m
Environment - current issues the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
-
Ethnic groups Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, white 15% African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates bolivianos per US dollar - 6.4071 (January 2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997), 5.0746 (1996) Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5434 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)


note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held May or June 2002)

election results:
Hugo BANZER Suarez elected president; percent of vote - Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN) 22%; Jaime PAZ Zamora (MIR) 17%, Juan Carlos DURAN (MNR) 18%, Ivo KULJIS (UCS) 16%, Remedios LOZA (CONDEPA) 17%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Hugo BANZER Suarez won a congressional runoff election on 5 August 1997 after forming a "megacoalition" with MIR, UCS, CONDEPA, NFR, and PDC
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Andrew GURR (since 11 November 2007)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, three ex-officio officers, and five elected members of the Legislative Council


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports $1.26 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners UK 16%, US 12%, Peru 11%, Argentina 10%, Colombia 7% (1998) Tanzania 37.7%, US 17.4%, Japan 15.2%, UK 8.4%, Nigeria 4.8%, Spain 4.5% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP purchasing power parity - $20.9 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
16%

industry:
31%

services:
53% (1999 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 17 00 S, 65 00 W Saint Helena: 15 57 S, 5 42 W


Ascension Island: 7 57 S, 14 22 W


Tristan da Cunha island group: 37 15 S, 12 30 W
Geography - note landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns; Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha is the highest island mountain in the South Atlantic and a prominent landmark on the sea lanes around southern Africa
Highways total:
49,400 km

paved:
2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
46,900 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1990)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru, a distant second) with an estimated 14,600 hectares under cultivation in 2000, a 33% decrease in overall cultivation of coca from 1999 levels; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs have slashed illicit coca cultivation during the BANZER administration beginning in 1997 -
Imports $1.86 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 64.07 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners US 32%, Japan 24%, Brazil 12%, Argentina 12%, Chile 7%, Peru 4%, Germany 3%, other 6% (1998) UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2006)
Independence 6 August 1825 (from Spain) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (1995 est.) NA%
Industries mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales
Infant mortality rate 58.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 17.67 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 21.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 13.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.4% (2000 est.) 3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 9 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,750 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases) Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 2.5 million 2,486


note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture: 6%


industry: 48%


services: 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries total:
6,743 km

border countries:
Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
53%

other:
21% (1993 est.)
arable land: 12.9%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.1% (2005)
Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) English
Legal system based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction English common law and statutes, supplemented by local statutes
Legislative branch bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)

elections:
Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 32, MNR 26, MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4
unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, three ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 31 August 2005 (next to be held in 2009)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.06 years

male:
61.53 years

female:
66.72 years (2001 est.)
total population: 78.09 years


male: 75.19 years


female: 81.15 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.1%

male:
90.5%

female:
76% (1995 est.)
definition: age 20 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location Central South America, southwest of Brazil islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 700 nm northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 2300 nm southwest of Saint Helena
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
42 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 141,017 GRT/211,058 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 5, cargo 20, chemical tanker 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $147 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,005,660 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,306,452 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
90,120 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 6 August (1825) Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality noun:
Bolivian(s)

adjective:
Bolivian
noun: Saint Helenian(s)


adjective: Saint Helenian


note: referred to locally as "Saints"
Natural hazards flooding in the northeast (March-April) active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha, last eruption in 1961
Natural resources tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower fish, lobster
Net migration rate -1.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km -
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [leader NA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Hugo BANZER Suarez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [leader NA]; Pachacuti Indigenous Movement [Filipe QUISPE]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]

note:
the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
none
Political pressure groups and leaders Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions none
Population 8,300,463 (July 2001 est.) 7,543


note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.76% (2001 est.) 0.53% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay -
Radio broadcast stations AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999) Saint Helena: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0


Ascension: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (2005)
Radios 5.25 million (1997) -
Railways total:
3,691 km (single track)

narrow gauge:
3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995)
-
Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.056 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.863 male(s)/female


total population: 1.031 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single) NA years of age
Telephone system general assessment:
new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly

domestic:
primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: can communicate worldwide


domestic: automatic digital network


international: country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1)
Telephones - main lines in use 327,600 (1996) 2,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 116,000 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 48 (1997) 0 (3 television channels are received via satellite and distributed by UHF) (2005)
Terrain rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin the islands of this group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge


Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains


Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east


Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs
Total fertility rate 3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.55 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Transportation - note - there is no air connection to Saint Helena or Tristan da Cunha; an international airport for Saint Helena is in development for 2010
Unemployment rate 11.4% (1997)

note:
widespread underemployment
14% (1998 est.)
Waterways 10,000 km (commercially navigable) -
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